SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Function: It is used to indicate general truth and habitual action.

Patterns:

( + ) S + (Adv of Freq) + V1 (-s / -es) + O + (Adv of time)

( -  ) S + do not      + (Adv of Freq) + V1 + O + (Adv of time)

          does not

( ? ) Do    + S + (Adv of Freq) + V1 + O + (Adv of time) + ?

        Does

NOTE:

S = I, we, you, they, plural + V1

S = He, she, it, singular + V –s / -es

Adv of Freq yg digunakan:

- usually                    - often            - always

- sometimes  - seldom                     - never

- ever

Adv of time yg digunakan:

      every … (every morning, every day, etc)

-          today

-          once a week, twice a day, etc.

EXERCISES.

Change the sentences into the signals given! Make them into Simple Present Tense! Number 1 has been done for you as the example!

1.    ( + ) I have some books.

( -  ) I don’t have any books.

( ? ) Do you have any books?

2.    ( + ) They usually go to the dentist once six months.

( -  ) ……………………………………………………

( ? ) ……………………………………………………

3.    ( + ) ……………………………………………………

( -  ) ……………………………………………………

( ? ) Does Ruli read newspaper every morning?

4.    ( + ) …………………………………………………… 

( -  ) She doesn’t always watch TV every morning.

( ? ) ……………………………………………………

COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES

Country	Nationality	Official Language(s)
Australia	Australian	English
Austria	Austrian	Austrian
Belgium	Belgium	French or Flemish
Brazil	Brazilian	Portugese
Britain	British	English
Canada	Canadian	English or French
China	Chinese	Mandarin
Denmark	Danish	Danish
Egypt	Egyptian	Arabic
England	English	English
Finland	Finnish	Finnish
France	French	French
Germany	German	German
Greece	Greek	Greek
Hungary	Hungarian	Hungarian
Italy	Italian	Italian
Japan	Japanese	Japanese
Korea	Korean	Korean
Mexico	Mexican	Spanish
Northern Ireland	Irish	English
Poland	Polish	Polish
Portugal	Portugese	Portugese
Russia	Russian	Russian
Scotland	Scottish	English or Gaelic
South Africa	South African	Afrikaans English IsiNdebele IsiXhosa IsiZulu Northern Sotho (Sepedi) Sesotho Setswana SiSwati Tshivenda Xitsonga
Southern Ireland	Irish	English
Spain	Spanish	Spanish
Sweden	Swedish	Swedish
Switzerland	Swiss	French / German / Italian
The Netherlands	Dutch	Dutch
Turkey	Turkish	Turkish
The UK	British	English
The USA	American	English
Wales	Welsh	English or Welsh

Country		Capital City
Australia		Canberra
Austria		Vienna
Belgium		Brussels
Brazil		Brasilia
Britain		London
Canada		Ottawa
China		Beijing
Denmark		Copenhagen
Egypt		Cairo
England		London
Finland		Helsinki
France		Paris
Germany		Berlin
Greece		Athens
Hungary		Budapest
Ireland (Northern)		Belfast (regional capital)
Ireland (Southern)		Dublin
Italy		Rome
Japan		Tokyo
Korea		Seoul
Mexico		Mexico City
Nothern Ireland		Belfast
Poland		Warsaw
Portugal		Lisbon
Russia		Moscow
Scotland		Edingurgh (regional capital)
South Africa		Cape Town
Southern Ireland		Dublin
Spain		Madrid
Sweden		Stockholm
Switzerland		Bern
The Netherlands		Amsterdam
Turkey		Ankara
The USA		Washington
Wales		Cardiff (regional capital)

Exercises.
Fill in the blanks with the correct answers!

#	YOUR RESPONSE
1.	In my class, there are a lot of     - Asian Asians    students.
2.	One is         - a Chinese a Chinese citizen  .
3.	Another one is       - an Indonese an Indonesian  .
4.	Another student is from Thailand. He is        - a Thai a Thailander  .
5.	There is also       - a Spanish a Spaniard    from Madrid.
6.	In addition, there is         - a Turk a Turkish    from Istanbul.
7.	In my class, we have a few         - Europeans Europans Euros  .
8.	There is       - Swiss Swisses  .
9.	Next to me sits a girl who is        – a Filipino a Filipina  .
10.	One student is from Australia. She is      – an Austrian an Australian  .
11.	Another student is from Holland. He is       - a Hollander a Netherlander a Dutchman  .
12.	The student giving a speech is from the Islands of Palau. She is      - a Palanese a Palauan  .
13.	The student who is absent today is          - a Serb a Serbian  .
14.	The teaching assistant is from the United Arab Emirates. He is       - an Emirati an Emirian  .
15.	My teacher is a kind         - Irelander Irish Irishwoman  .

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Function:

It is used to indicate an action that is occurring at present at the time of speaking.

Patterns:

( + ) S + to be + V – ing + O + Adv of time

( -  ) S + to be + not + V – ing + O + Adv of time

( ? ) To be + S + V – ing + O + Adv of time + ?

To be used in Present Continuous Tense = is, am, are

S = he, she, it, singular + is

S = I + am

S = we, you, they, plural + are

Adverb of Time used in Present Continuous Tense:

 at present           

at the moment                

now

 right now, etc

Exercises!

Fill in the blanks into the signals given!

1. ( + ) I am watching the movie now.

     ( -  ) ……………………………………………

     ( ? ) …………………………………………….

2.  ( + ) …………………………………………….

     ( -  ) She is not reading a newspaper at the moment.

     ( ? ) …………………………………………….

3.  ( + ) …………………………………………….

     ( -  ) …………………………………………….

     ( ? ) Are you waiting for the bus at present?